A kidney biopsy is a medical procedure in which a small piece of kidney tissue is removed for examination under a microscope. This diagnostic procedure helps healthcare professionals evaluate the structure and function of the kidneys, identify the cause of kidney problems, and determine the most appropriate treatment plan. There are different methods for performing a kidney biopsy, with the most common being a percutaneous (through the skin) approach. During the procedure, the patient may lie on their stomach, and a thin needle is inserted through the skin and into the kidney to obtain a tissue sample. Local anesthesia is typically used to minimize discomfort.
Kidney biopsies are often performed in cases of unexplained kidney dysfunction, proteinuria, hematuria, or to diagnose specific kidney diseases such as glomerulonephritis. The collected tissue is examined by a pathologist who can provide valuable insights into the underlying cause of kidney conditions. While kidney biopsies carry some risks, such as bleeding or infection, they are generally considered safe and are crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of kidney diseases. Patients undergoing a kidney biopsy will typically be closely monitored and advised on post-procedural care to minimize potential complications.